HORNLIGHTWIPER

 LIGHTING, HORN AND WIPERS

INTRODUCTION:

The Automobile lighting consists of Head lights, side lamps, tail lamps, reverse lamp. Apart from these there are panel lights, direction indicator flash lights and the lights inside the body to light up the passenger compartments. In addition to lights some other instruments like wind screen wiper, meter lights etc. are also being used in Automobiles.

LIGHTING: The lighting system includes Head lights, side lights, tail lamps etc.

HEAD LIGHTS: The requirements of head lights for Automobiles is that these should illuminate the road ahead at a reasonable distance with sufficient intensity. For this purpose, a reflector is used. The light is emitted from filament is reflected by means of the reflector is used. The light is emitted from filament is reflected by means of the reflector into a beam of parallel rays.

These lights are usually provided with two beams, one gives maximum illumination for night driving and the other gives deflection to the ground and to the side of the road to minimize glare when passing other cars on the road. A third beam is used which is of low intensity for city driving.

HEAD LIGHT AIMING: The head lights should be aimed correctly to get proper illumination to the road and the also should not dazzle the opposite driver and thereby preventing accidents. For aiming there will be screws on both sides of head light frames which can be adjusted. The following procedure may be adopted.

SEALED BEAM HEAD LIGHTS:

Two beam head lamp system called the sealed beam head lamps system is used in now a day for Maximum illumination of roads. In this system both the head lamps are alike and produce a straight a head beam and a deflected lower or traffic beam. These are permanently sealed beam lights and the entire unit should be replaced if required.

 PARKING LIGHTS

These lights are usually provided in front of the car usually as separate units or in some case in the Head lights also. These are of low intensity just to know the ongoing driver of the road that a vehicle is parked on the road.

TAIL OR STOP LIGHT: Tail lights illuminate back of the car in the night so that the other vehicles coming behind it can see the vehicle. These are also used as braking lights also. While braking

these lights also will glow in addition to brake lights. Tail lights will continuously glow while driving in night. Stop Lights or Brake lights will glow while braking only.

DASH LIGHTS: Dash lights are provided in the dash board or ‘Meters Panel’ in front of the driver so that he will be able to look at all the meters while night driving.

DIRECTIONAL SIGNAL LIGHTS: These lights are used to indicate the direction in which the vehicle is to turn. These lights will give signal to the vehicle coming from the front or rear.

DIM DIPPER: It is a switch provided at the dash board or beside the brake pedal at the convenient reach of the driver. It is used to operate the head light with high beam or low beam (whether it has to glow bright or Dim) . It is provided to control the focus of light so that it will not dazzle the opposite driver while night driving.

DOOR LIGHT:

These lights will glow when the door is opened and will warn the driver that the door is not closed. When closed only, these lights will stop. A button is provided at the handle of the door to operate these lights.

DESINATION BOARD LIGHTS:

For Buses and other important transport vehicle the destination board should glow properly so that the passenger can look into it properly for his traveling. For this purpose special lights are provide at them.

HORN CIRUIT: The Horn is provide in vehicles to create sound and warn the trespassers and other vehicles traveling on the road and make them alert to avoid accidents.

The Horn circuit consists of a horn push button, an armature, a diaphragm and a horn along with horn relay. 

When the Horn button is pushed, it connects the Horn winding to the Battery. The current passing through the winding produces magnetic field which pulls the armature down. The armature is attached to the diaphragm opens the contact points and circuit is broken. This cycle is repeated rapidly which causes rapid movement of diaphragm. Which causes noise. A relay is used to avoid carrying heavy current required by the horn

WIND SCREEN WIPERS:

 These are provided to keep the wind screen clean during rain, snow etc to ensure good visibility. These are operated by means of a small motor. The wiper motor is a shunt wound motor and is mounted just below the wind screen under the hood.

SPEEDOMETER:

 Even though it is known as speedometer only this units consist of two separate units called as SPEEDOMETER and ODOMETER. The Speedometer shows the Speed of the Vehicle at which it is traveling. The odometer shows the distance travelled by the vehicle. The Speedometer consists of permanent magnet over which is supported a well-balanced speed cup to which is attached a Spindle carrying a pointer at the top. The magnet is driven directlyby the vehicle transmission box or in case of two wheelers by the worm in the front wheel. A  torque is produced by the rotating magnet to which spindle is attached. The pointer attached to spindle will be operated.

The magnetic shaft of the speedometer is provided with  a worm gear which drives the odometer spindle through suitable gearing arrangement.